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What is Electric Double Layer Capacitors?


Electric Double Layer Capacitors
Electric double layer capacitors are two-terminal energy storage devices that collect voltage as current flows through an electrical circuit. They generate electrical field between two conductor plates and are referred to as super capacitors. Electric double-layer capacitors are supported the operational principle of the electrical double-layer that is shaped at the interface between activated charcoal and a solution.
The activated charcoal is used as an electrode, and the principle behind the capacitor. Activated charcoal is employed in its solid form, and the electrolytic fluid is liquid. When these materials are available contact with one another, the positive and negative poles are distributed relative to each other over an extremely short distance. Such a phenomenon is known as an electric double-layer. When an external electric field is applied, the electric double-layer that is formed in the vicinity of the activated charcoal's surface within the electrolytic fluid is used as the fundamental capacitor structure.

Benefits
1. This design allows farad-order capacitance in a small device.
(When activated charcoal, with its large surface area, is used the thickness of the dielectric is extremely thin.)
2. There is no need for special charging circuits or for control during discharge.
3. Overcharging or overdischarging does not have a negative effect on the lifespan, as it does with batteries.
4. This technology is extremely "clean energy" in terms of environmental friendliness.
5. Because the electronic elements may be soldered, there are no problems with unstable contacts as there are with batteries.

Weaknesses
1. The lifespan is limited because of the use of electrolyte.
2. The electrolyte may leak if the capacitor is used incorrectly.
3. When compared to aluminum electrolytic capacitors, these capacitors have high internal resistances and thus cannot be used in AC circuits.

Characteristics
Electric double-layer capacitors do not use a chemical reaction such as a redox reaction but rather store electricity by means of the physical adsorption of ions to the large specific surface area of activated carbon. Compared to aluminum electrolytic capacitors, Electric double-layer capacitors offer larger capacity, but their larger internal resistance means that their use as ripple absorption for alternating current circuits is not appropriate. For this reason, Electric double-layer capacitors are mainly used like rechargeable batteries, to provide energy backup in direct current circuits.
 The advantages of Electric double-layer capacitors over rechargeable batteries are listed below.
High current (fast) charging / discharging is possible
Long cycle life, allowing for charging / discharging tens of thousands of times
Can be utilized in a good range of temperatures, offer stable operation even at low temperatures
Very safe, with no risk of explosion or ignition
Environmentally-friendly, with no heavy metals used

Examples of Application
Taking advantage of the benefits described above, Electric double-layer capacitors are used broadly in applications such as the following:
1. Memory backup for timers, programs, etc., in video and audio equipment.
2. Backup power sources when changing batteries for portable electronic equipment.
3. Power sources for equipment that uses solar cells, such as watches and display lights.
4. Starters for small motors and cell motors.


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